Research Article Review: “Survey of American food trends and the growing obesity epidemic”

            Nowadays, obesity is becoming more and more common in every country, it is a concerned health problem in the world. There are some factors cause obesity epidemics, such as over consuming high fat foods, lack of physical activities which leads to calories intake excess and heredity. Regarding the food types consumption correlates to obesity, many people will think these kinds of food must include cheese, meat, nut and cooking oil etc. Surprisingly, the primary research article “Survey of American food trends and the growing obesity epidemic” written by Qin Shao and Khew-Voon Chin found out that the crucial factor of rising obesity is the consumption of corn product.

                  (This picture is referencing from Public Health & Social Justice)

           
             The authors surveyed and obtained the Loss-Adjusted Food Availability Data (1970-2008) from the Food Availability Data System at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Services (ERS) in this research. In order to analyze the relationship between obesity prevalence and calories consumption for various food types, they used Pearson’s correlation and statistical analysis by fitting a multiple linear regression and using both full and reduced model functions. The analysis of Loss-Adjusted Food Availability Data “which include seven major aggregated food groups including 1, meat, eggs, and nuts; 2, dairy; 3, fruit; 4, vegetables; 5, flour and cereal products; 6, added fats and oils, and dairy fats; and 7, caloric sweeteners” (Shao & Qin, 2011) demonstrated that these food types showed either negative trends or no change in trends of consumption and did not lead to the rising trends in obesity. In addition, they also analyzed the relationship between rising obesity and total cheese intake, but the result also revealed that there is no correlation with the two.

                                                        (This picture is referencing from PubMed Central)

              However, in the further test the authors “performed a fitting by multiple linear regression analysis with food types that showed correlation coefficients > 0.95, which included chicken, corn products, dairy fats, salad and cooking oils, and total cheese, in a full model function” (Shao & Qin, 2011). This analysis showed that “only corn products had p-values smaller than 0.05” (Shao & Qin, 2011), which means that consumption of corn products had a significant effect on rising obesity trends. On the other hand, they found out corn products and total cheese both have p-values closest to 0.05 in the reduced model, but their results confirmed a correlation between corn products, but not total cheese, and obesity trends.

 

                                              (This picture is referencing from PubMed Central)

            Further more, the authors asked whether genetically modified corn might be associated with the rising obesity because genetically modified corn has been planted in the U.S. since 1996. To investigate this relationship, they obtained data between 2000 and 2008 on the adoption of GM corn from the USDA. The result showed that the trends of obesity and adoption of GM corn were similar which proved that the hypothesis is true.

            In conclusion, the research article “Survey of American food trends and the growing obesity epidemic” proved the novel correlation between corn product consumption and obesity prevalence. The research applied the knowledge of math and statistic to investigate and analyze the factor which lead to rising obesity, this method is not only accurate but also credible.

Work Cited

Shao, S., & Chin, K.V. (2011 June 21). Survey of American food trends and the growing obesity epidemic. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3133759/?tool=pmcentrez. (2011, July 23 )

Diet and Healthy Weight

Diet is what we eat in our daily lives. It has a significant relationship to our weight, and we can find out this relationship easily. For example, if we consume a lot of junk food in a month, we will discover our weight will increase. Instead, if consume more vegetables and less meat, our weight will decrease. Our diet is an independent variable and our weight is a dependent variable.

Obesity is a common health problem in Western countries. The main reason is because people are absorbing excess calories than we can consume a day. In the long term, without enough physical activity, we get fat and gain weight. Junk food, such as hamburgers, pizzas, French fries are all high-calorie foods, if we eat too much this kind of high-calorie food our body will store fat. Anything in excess, even protein can be stored as fat which can lead to weight gain.

           (This picture is referencing from Eat Great to Lose Weight Diet Plan)

In order to have a healthy weight, no matter weight gain or weight loss, we need a balanced nutrition-diet plan; our meals should be balanced with the right amounts of protein, carbohydrates and fat. Some people misunderstand that if we want to lose weight, we just have to minimize the amount of food that we eat or even stop eating. It is totally wrong, even if we lose weight in that way will have an obvious outcome in the short time, it is harmful to our body. In the future, if you start eating more again our weight will gain back easily.

(This picture is referencing from Captain Series)

In order to get a healthy weight, we should start with a calorie calculator to determine how many calories you will consume in a day and how many calories you will need in order to gain weight or lose weight. For people who want to gain weight, they will need to increase the calorie intake, but to do so it does not mean that they should eat a lot of high-calorie junk food. They can change their diet by increasing the volume of food they eat or by choosing foods that are energy-dense which include legumes, nuts, seeds, olives, and avocados, etc. On the other hand, for the people who want to lose weight, they have to eat fewer calories than they currently eating every day. They can eat lower calorie foods such as green and leafy vegetable. There is a guideline in About.com for building the meal plan, it shows that “5 to 11 servings of grain (half should be whole-grain) , 2 to 3 servings dairy or calcium containing foods , 1 to 2 servings of protein sources such as meat, eggs, poultry, fish or legumes , 5 to 9 servings of fruits and vegetables every day”. The outcome will be more effective with combination of physical activities.

What we consume in our daily meals will directly affect our weight. A good diet plan can help us built our healthy weight effectively and efficiently. Diet is a critical factor for achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. 

Work Cited

About.com , (2011, June 16). How To Lose Weight. Retrieved from http://nutrition.about.com/od/diets/a/mealplan.htm. (2011, July 17 )